A student is designing an experiment to find out if the following statement is true: “If you get at least six hours of sleep, you will do better in class than if you get fewer than six hours of sleep.” The statement is an example of which of the following?

While scientific explanations provide compelling evidence for claims and produce verifiable insights, they are also _________.

Sally reads a report about a casual study of students and their attitudes to drugs. “A group of high school students were asked if they had ever used an illegal substance; the majority of those students said ‘No.'” Sally then cites this study in her paper about drug use. She says, “A study of students revealed that only 10% of high school students use drugs.” Why is her conclusion flawed?

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The post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy is a fallacy in which the arguer _________.