A. Skin characteristics, venous return patterns, symmetry, surface motion

B. Abdominal muscles (as patient raises head) for masses, hernia, or separation

II. Auscultation of all quadrants

A. Bowel sounds and frequency

B. Arteries (bruits)

III. Percussion of all quadrants

A. Tone

B. Estimation of liver size

C. Splenic dullness

D. Gastric air bubble

IV. Light palpation of all quadrants for muscle resistance, tenderness, masses

V. Deep palpation of all quadrants

A. Umbilicus and umbilical ring (bulges, masses)

B. Liver border

C. Gallbladder

D. Spleen

E. Kidneys

F. Aortic pulsations

G. Other masses

VI. With patient seated, percuss the costovertebral angles for kidney tenderness