Ethics/Free Will/Political philosophy

Ethics/Free Will/Political philosophy

write the paper on Ethics/Free Will/Political philosophy

The requirements for the four papers are quite specific. Please follow all of the following requirements.
• Each of the papers is to be a defense of or an attack on a particular position or claim from the previous section’s readings or speakers.
o The claim used must be appropriately narrow. (You can’t defend “Life is a good thing.”)
o The claim must be fairly important to the work in which it appears. (You can’t take an incidental reference to the weather as your starting point.)
o The claim, and any other material from any resource, must be used in light of the author’s own understanding. (You can’t twist the author’s words or take things out of context.)
• Your first paragraph should entice the readers into the topic in some way, showing why it is interesting or important.
• You must announce your thesis as the final sentence of the first paragraph of your paper. A thesis is not a topic or a question. It is a statement that is possibly controversial and requires some argument to establish. For instance, suppose you wanted to attack Socrates’ implied claim that what we take for reality is really just a shadow play compared to the truly real. In that case, your thesis could be: “Socrates’ view that we are constantly deceived about reality is false.” None of the following would be acceptable as theses:
o “Is Socrates’ skepticism about our knowledge of reality justified or not?”
o “This paper is about Socrates’ skepticism about our knowledge of reality.”
o “I believe (feel, think, am convinced) that Socrates’ view that we are constantly deceived about reality is false.”
• After you have announced an appropriate thesis at the end of your first paragraph, you should argue in favor of it in the following way. First, spend a paragraph or more explaining the most convincing arguments in favor of your thesis. Then, spend a paragraph or more explaining the most convincing arguments against your thesis. Finally, spend a paragraph or more explaining why the arguments against your thesis does not succeed. Then, write a concluding paragraph claiming that your thesis has been established, and explaining why the thesis is important to you or to the reader. In all cases, there must be good, clear transitions between these sections, so that your reader is not confused.
SPECIAL NOTE ON ARGUMENTS: An acceptable thesis assumes that there are reasonable people who disagree with you, whom you are trying to convince. Therefore, your arguments must be persuasive from the point of view of those you are trying to convince. In essence, you are trying to show how some thing(s) they already believe or have good reason to believe imply that they should accept your thesis. For instance, suppose that your thesis is “Abortion is always immoral.” You would not want to hang your argument on an interpretation of scripture, because presumably some of those who support abortion rights are not believers in the authority of scripture, and so would not find your argument convincing even if your interpretation of scripture is irrefutably correct. If on the other hand, your thesis was “Christians should always oppose abortion,” then an argument from scripture would be more effective. But even then, if the objections are from a non-Christian perspective, giving a scripture-based, or even faith-based answer will be inadequate.
SOURCES: from the assigned readings for a given unit, your paper must cite all sources relevant to your topic. In other words, though your anthropology paper may not focus on, for instance, Rene Descartes’ view of the human person, if you argue against the concept of the “disembodied self” and do not take account of Descartes’ position, you have not done justice to your topic.
All resources used must be used in accordance with the author’s understanding. That is, you may not take an author out of context, or twist the words to mean what they clearly do not. (Showing that the author contradicted himself or herself is another matter – it is not only allowed, but encouraged. Plus, it’s fun!)
Further information will be given out in the first several class periods relating to writing philosophy papers.
• All references to readings or speakers should be documented parenthetically within the text, using proper MLA documentation form.
• Each of the papers should be 1,500-1,700 words long. Print the word count at the end of the text of your paper. Word has a word count feature. You do not need a Works Cited page if you only quote from our texts. If you reference any source outside our textbook, the eReserves or online documents, then you must provide a properly formatted Works Cited page.
• Each of the papers must use the following format:
? Centered title and name, no underlining, italics, or bold.
? Double spaced throughout, no extra spaces between title and name or between name and text. In addition, no extra spaces are allowed between paragraphs. Do not bold anything.
? 12 point Times New Roman font (or a similar standard font such as Courier New) uniform throughout the paper.
? Left and right margins 1”, top and bottom margins 1” (that is the Office 2007 Word default).
? Stapled at the top left corner.
• Papers must be error free. Even one error of spelling, grammar or form will be enough to put the paper out of the A range. Give yourself time to proof-read repeatedly before handing in the paper for the week. A self-check form is available on Blackboard for you to use in checking your paper in advance; using it will help you correct mistakes prior to submitting the paper for grading. Please feel free to use the Writing Center.
• When you have completed a paper, you must submit it to the Bb Assignment Link (which automatically submits it to turnitin.com) to receive credit.
Paper Process on Discussion Board
• At least 48 hours before a paper is due, students will post their thesis statements and a brief outline of their arguments for the paper on the Blackboard Discussion Board.
• At least 24 hours of the paper due date, students will also respond to at least five other postings with critical comments. By “critical comments” we mean comments that will help your fellow students think through the issues at stake, avoid problems of logic, terminology or specificity, make sure their thesis is argumentative, or help them clarify or improve the thesis and arguments. In other words, while we want to encourage each other, comments such as “I like that!” or “You’ll do a great job with this” will not help someone think through the issue and will not suffice to earn credit for posting. If an idea is a good one, explain why it is good! If it is an idea you disagree with, the great Oklahoma standard “you stink” won’t be sufficient. Explain what is wrong – with a kindness and humility that will set you apart from your internet hardened peers.
• After considering feedback from fellow students, each student should make appropriate revisions to his/her own thesis statement and outline of arguments. Completion of these postings may be taken into consideration in the paper grade.
• For some papers we may replace this process with class presentations of thesis statements along with appropriate comments.
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