List three approaches to message authentication.

• 3.1 List three approaches to message authentication.
• 3.2 What is a message authentication code?
• 3.4 What properties must a hash function have to be useful for message authentication?
• 3.5 In the context of a hash function, what is a compression function?
• 3.6 What are the principal ingredients of a public-key cryptosystem?
• 3.7 List and briefly define three uses of a public-key cryptosystem.
• 3.8 What is the difference between a private key and a secret key?
• 3.9 What is a digital signature?

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